Charlie Chaplin - Revision history

Kurt at 19:14, 25 August 2024

2024-08-25T19:14:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:14, 25 August 2024
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	~~{{short description\|English comic actor and filmmaker (1889–1977)}}~~
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]		\| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
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	\| caption = Chaplin in the early 1920s		\| caption = Chaplin in the early 1920s
	\| birth_name = Charles Spencer Chaplin Jr.		\| birth_name = Charles Spencer Chaplin Jr.
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=y\|1889\|4\|16}}		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=y\|1889\|04\|16}}
	\| birth_place = [[London]], England		\| birth_place = [[London]], England
	\| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=y\|1977\|12\|25\|1889\|4\|16}}		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=y\|1977\|12\|25\|1889\|04\|16}}
	\| death_place = [[Corsier-sur-Vevey]], Switzerland		\| death_place = [[Corsier-sur-Vevey]], Switzerland
	\| burial_place = Cimetière de Corsier-sur-Vevey, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland		\| burial_place = Cimetière de Corsier-sur-Vevey, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
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	Chaplin has also been characterised in [[literary fiction]]. He is the protagonist of [[Robert Coover]]'s short story "Charlie in the House of Rue" (1980; reprinted in Coover's 1987 collection ''A Night at the Movies''), and of [[Glen David Gold]]'s ''[[Sunnyside (novel)\|Sunnyside]]'' (2009), a historical novel set in the [[First World War]] period.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/jun/27/sunnyside-glen-gold-charlie-chaplin \|author=Ness, Patrick \|title=Looking for the Little Tramp \|newspaper=The Guardian \|date=27 June 2009 \|access-date=25 June 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005145244/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/jun/27/sunnyside-glen-gold-charlie-chaplin \|archive-date= 5 October 2013}}</ref> A day in Chaplin's life in 1909 is dramatised in the chapter titled "Modern Times" in [[Alan Moore]]'s ''[[Jerusalem (Moore novel)\|Jerusalem]]'' (2016), a novel set in the author's home town of [[Northampton, England\|Northampton]], England.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Jerusalem by Alan Moore review – Midlands metaphysics \|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3d901676-9f6e-11e6-891e-abe238dee8e2 \|newspaper=[[Financial Times]] \|date=17 January 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113063850/https://www.ft.com/content/3d901676-9f6e-11e6-891e-abe238dee8e2 \|archive-date=13 November 2016}}</ref>		Chaplin has also been characterised in [[literary fiction]]. He is the protagonist of [[Robert Coover]]'s short story "Charlie in the House of Rue" (1980; reprinted in Coover's 1987 collection ''A Night at the Movies''), and of [[Glen David Gold]]'s ''[[Sunnyside (novel)\|Sunnyside]]'' (2009), a historical novel set in the [[First World War]] period.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/jun/27/sunnyside-glen-gold-charlie-chaplin \|author=Ness, Patrick \|title=Looking for the Little Tramp \|newspaper=The Guardian \|date=27 June 2009 \|access-date=25 June 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005145244/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/jun/27/sunnyside-glen-gold-charlie-chaplin \|archive-date= 5 October 2013}}</ref> A day in Chaplin's life in 1909 is dramatised in the chapter titled "Modern Times" in [[Alan Moore]]'s ''[[Jerusalem (Moore novel)\|Jerusalem]]'' (2016), a novel set in the author's home town of [[Northampton, England\|Northampton]], England.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Jerusalem by Alan Moore review – Midlands metaphysics \|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3d901676-9f6e-11e6-891e-abe238dee8e2 \|newspaper=[[Financial Times]] \|date=17 January 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113063850/https://www.ft.com/content/3d901676-9f6e-11e6-891e-abe238dee8e2 \|archive-date=13 November 2016}}</ref>

	Chaplin was brought to life in a [[comic strip]] [[Celebrity comics\|bearing his name]] that ran for 30 years in the British pre-[[World War II\|war]] humorous comic ''[[Funny Wonder]]''.<ref name="comicskingdom.com">[http://comicskingdom.com/blog/2015/09/24/ask-the-archivist-charlie-chaplin-s-comic-capers "Ask the Archivist: Charlie Chaplin's Comic Capers"], ''Comics Kingdom'' (24 September 2015).</ref> Begun in 1915, the strip was drawn primarily by Bertie Brown;<ref name=Stringer>{{cite web\|first=Lew \|last=Stringer \|url=http://lewstringer./2011/10/charlie-chaplin-in-funny-wonder.html \|title=Blimey! It's another blog about comics!: Charlie Chaplin in The ''Funny Wonder'' \|publisher=Blimey! The Blog of British Comics! \|date=24 October 2011 \|access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> it was one of the earliest comic strips inspired by the popularity of a celebrity. A similar strip, ''[[Charlie Chaplin's Comic Capers]]'', by Stuart Carothers <ref>[https://www.lambiek.net/artists/c/carothers_stuart.htm Carothers entry], Lambiek's Comiclopedia. Retrieved 12 March 2021.</ref> and later [[Elzie C. Segar]], was syndicated in the United States from 29 March 1915, until 16 September 1917.<ref name=Holtz>{{cite book \|last1=Holtz \|first1=Allan \|title=American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide \|date=2012 \|publisher=The University of Michigan Press \|location=Ann Arbor \|isbn=9780472117567 \|page=101}}</ref> In France in 1922, Raoul Thomen created the comic strip ''Les Aventures Acrobatiques de Charlot'' ("Charlot's Acrobatic Adventures").<ref name=Thomen /> Thomen's strip ran in French children's magazines<ref name=Thomen>[https://www.lambiek.net/artists/t/thomen.htm Raoul Thomen entry], Lambiek's Comiclopedia. Retrieved 24 March 2021.</ref> for nearly 20 years. Charlot's comic strip adventures were continued by other artists, lasting until 1963.~~{{cn\|date=January 2023}}~~		Chaplin was brought to life in a [[comic strip]] [[Celebrity comics\|bearing his name]] that ran for 30 years in the British pre-[[World War II\|war]] humorous comic ''[[Funny Wonder]]''.<ref name="comicskingdom.com">[http://comicskingdom.com/blog/2015/09/24/ask-the-archivist-charlie-chaplin-s-comic-capers "Ask the Archivist: Charlie Chaplin's Comic Capers"], ''Comics Kingdom'' (24 September 2015).</ref> Begun in 1915, the strip was drawn primarily by Bertie Brown;<ref name=Stringer>{{cite web\|first=Lew \|last=Stringer \|url=http://lewstringer./2011/10/charlie-chaplin-in-funny-wonder.html \|title=Blimey! It's another blog about comics!: Charlie Chaplin in The ''Funny Wonder'' \|publisher=Blimey! The Blog of British Comics! \|date=24 October 2011 \|access-date=4 February 2014}}</ref> it was one of the earliest comic strips inspired by the popularity of a celebrity. A similar strip, ''[[Charlie Chaplin's Comic Capers]]'', by Stuart Carothers <ref>[https://www.lambiek.net/artists/c/carothers_stuart.htm Carothers entry], Lambiek's Comiclopedia. Retrieved 12 March 2021.</ref> and later [[Elzie C. Segar]], was syndicated in the United States from 29 March 1915, until 16 September 1917.<ref name=Holtz>{{cite book \|last1=Holtz \|first1=Allan \|title=American Newspaper Comics: An Encyclopedic Reference Guide \|date=2012 \|publisher=The University of Michigan Press \|location=Ann Arbor \|isbn=9780472117567 \|page=101}}</ref> In France in 1922, Raoul Thomen created the comic strip ''Les Aventures Acrobatiques de Charlot'' ("Charlot's Acrobatic Adventures").<ref name=Thomen /> Thomen's strip ran in French children's magazines<ref name=Thomen>[https://www.lambiek.net/artists/t/thomen.htm Raoul Thomen entry], Lambiek's Comiclopedia. Retrieved 24 March 2021.</ref> for nearly 20 years. Charlot's comic strip adventures were continued by other artists, lasting until 1963.

	==Awards and recognition==		==Awards and recognition==

Kurt at 14:15, 23 January 2023

2023-01-23T14:15:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:15, 23 January 2023
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	{{short description\|English comic actor and filmmaker (1889–1977)}}		{{short description\|English comic actor and filmmaker (1889–1977)}}
	~~{{Redirect\|Charles Chaplin}}~~
	~~{{pp-vandalism\|small=yes}}~~
	~~{{Use British English\|date=March 2020}}~~
	~~{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2022}}~~
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]		\| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
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	\| death_place = [[Corsier-sur-Vevey]], Switzerland		\| death_place = [[Corsier-sur-Vevey]], Switzerland
	\| burial_place = Cimetière de Corsier-sur-Vevey, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland		\| burial_place = Cimetière de Corsier-sur-Vevey, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
	\| resting_place_coordinates = ~~<!--{{coord\|LAT\|LONG\|type:landmark\|display=inline}}-->~~		\| resting_place_coordinates =
	\| monuments =		\| monuments =
	\| other_names =		\| other_names =
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	====Young performer====		====Young performer====
	[[File:Chaplin in Sherlock Holmes.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|~~left~~\|A teenage Chaplin in the play ''[[Sherlock Holmes (play)\|Sherlock Holmes]]'']]		[[File:Chaplin in Sherlock Holmes.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|right\|A teenage Chaplin in the play ''[[Sherlock Holmes (play)\|Sherlock Holmes]]'']]

	Between his time in the poor schools and his mother succumbing to mental illness, Chaplin began to perform on stage. He later recalled making his first amateur appearance at the age of five years, when he took over from Hannah one night in [[Aldershot]].{{efn\|According to Chaplin, Hannah had been booed off stage and the manager chose him{{snd}}as he was standing in the wings{{snd}}to go on as her replacement. He remembered confidently entertaining the crowd, and receiving laughter and applause.{{sfnm\|1a1=Robinson\|1p=17\|2a1=Chaplin\|2p=18}}}} This was an isolated occurrence, but by the time he was nine Chaplin had, with his mother's encouragement, grown interested in performing. He later wrote: "[she] imbued me with the feeling that I had some sort of talent".{{sfn\|Chaplin\|p=41}} Through his father's connections,{{sfn\|Marriot\|p=4}} Chaplin became a member of the [[The Eight Lancashire Lads\|Eight Lancashire Lads]] [[Clog dance\|clog-dancing]] troupe, with whom he toured English music halls throughout 1899 and 1900.{{efn\|The Eight Lancashire Lads were still touring until 1908; the exact time Chaplin left the group is unverified, but based on research, A. J. Marriot believes it was in December 1900.{{sfn\|Marriot\|p=213}}}} Chaplin worked hard, and the act was popular with audiences, but he was not satisfied with dancing and wished to form a comedy act.{{sfn\|Chaplin\|p=44}}		Between his time in the poor schools and his mother succumbing to mental illness, Chaplin began to perform on stage. He later recalled making his first amateur appearance at the age of five years, when he took over from Hannah one night in [[Aldershot]].{{efn\|According to Chaplin, Hannah had been booed off stage and the manager chose him{{snd}}as he was standing in the wings{{snd}}to go on as her replacement. He remembered confidently entertaining the crowd, and receiving laughter and applause.{{sfnm\|1a1=Robinson\|1p=17\|2a1=Chaplin\|2p=18}}}} This was an isolated occurrence, but by the time he was nine Chaplin had, with his mother's encouragement, grown interested in performing. He later wrote: "[she] imbued me with the feeling that I had some sort of talent".{{sfn\|Chaplin\|p=41}} Through his father's connections,{{sfn\|Marriot\|p=4}} Chaplin became a member of the [[The Eight Lancashire Lads\|Eight Lancashire Lads]] [[Clog dance\|clog-dancing]] troupe, with whom he toured English music halls throughout 1899 and 1900.{{efn\|The Eight Lancashire Lads were still touring until 1908; the exact time Chaplin left the group is unverified, but based on research, A. J. Marriot believes it was in December 1900.{{sfn\|Marriot\|p=213}}}} Chaplin worked hard, and the act was popular with audiences, but he was not satisfied with dancing and wished to form a comedy act.{{sfn\|Chaplin\|p=44}}
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	Six months into the second American tour, Chaplin was invited to join the New York Motion Picture Company. A representative who had seen his performances thought he could replace [[Fred Mace]], a star of their [[Keystone Studios]] who intended to leave.{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=102}} Chaplin thought the Keystone comedies "a crude mélange of rough and rumble", but liked the idea of working in films and rationalised: "Besides, it would mean a new life."{{sfn\|Chaplin\|pp=138–139}} He met with the company and signed a $150-per-week{{efn\|${{Inflation\|US\|150\|1913\|fmt=c\|r=-2}} in {{Inflation-year\|US}} dollars{{Inflation/fn\|US}}}} contract in September 1913.{{sfnm\|1a1=Robinson\|1p=103\|2a1=Chaplin\|2p=139}} Chaplin arrived in Los Angeles in early December,{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=107}} and began working for the Keystone studio on 5{{nbs}}January 1914.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Silent Traces: Discovering Early Hollywood Through the Films of Charlie Chaplin\|last=Bengtson\|first=John\|year=2006\|publisher=Santa Monica Press}}</ref>		Six months into the second American tour, Chaplin was invited to join the New York Motion Picture Company. A representative who had seen his performances thought he could replace [[Fred Mace]], a star of their [[Keystone Studios]] who intended to leave.{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=102}} Chaplin thought the Keystone comedies "a crude mélange of rough and rumble", but liked the idea of working in films and rationalised: "Besides, it would mean a new life."{{sfn\|Chaplin\|pp=138–139}} He met with the company and signed a $150-per-week{{efn\|${{Inflation\|US\|150\|1913\|fmt=c\|r=-2}} in {{Inflation-year\|US}} dollars{{Inflation/fn\|US}}}} contract in September 1913.{{sfnm\|1a1=Robinson\|1p=103\|2a1=Chaplin\|2p=139}} Chaplin arrived in Los Angeles in early December,{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=107}} and began working for the Keystone studio on 5{{nbs}}January 1914.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Silent Traces: Discovering Early Hollywood Through the Films of Charlie Chaplin\|last=Bengtson\|first=John\|year=2006\|publisher=Santa Monica Press}}</ref>
	{{multiple image		{{multiple image
	\| align = ~~left~~		\| align = right
	\| direction = vertical		\| direction = vertical
	\| width =		\| width =
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	====Mutual====		====Mutual====
	[[File:Charlie Chaplin with doll.jpg\|thumb\|~~left~~\|upright\|By 1916, Chaplin was a global phenomenon. Here he shows off some of his merchandise, {{circa\|1918}}.]]		[[File:Charlie Chaplin with doll.jpg\|thumb\|right\|upright\|By 1916, Chaplin was a global phenomenon. Here he shows off some of his merchandise, {{circa\|1918}}.]]

	A contract was negotiated with Mutual that amounted to $670,000{{efn\|{{Inflation\|US\|670000\|1916\|fmt=eq\|r=-5}}}} a year,<ref>{{Cite journal\|title=C. Chaplin, Millionaire-Elect \|url=https://archive.org/details/PhotoplayMagazineMay1916 \|journal=[[Photoplay]] \|page=[https://archive.org/details/PhotoplayMagazineMay1916/page/n57 58] \|volume=IX \|issue=6 \|date=May 1916 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117045754/https://archive.org/details/PhotoplayMagazineMay1916 \|archive-date=17 January 2014}}</ref> which Robinson says made Chaplin{{snd}}at 26 years old{{snd}}one of the highest paid people in the world.{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=160}} The high salary shocked the public and was widely reported in the press.{{sfn\|Larcher\|p=29}} John R. Freuler, the studio president, explained: "We can afford to pay Mr. Chaplin this large sum annually because the public wants Chaplin and will pay for him."{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=159}}		A contract was negotiated with Mutual that amounted to $670,000{{efn\|{{Inflation\|US\|670000\|1916\|fmt=eq\|r=-5}}}} a year,<ref>{{Cite journal\|title=C. Chaplin, Millionaire-Elect \|url=https://archive.org/details/PhotoplayMagazineMay1916 \|journal=[[Photoplay]] \|page=[https://archive.org/details/PhotoplayMagazineMay1916/page/n57 58] \|volume=IX \|issue=6 \|date=May 1916 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117045754/https://archive.org/details/PhotoplayMagazineMay1916 \|archive-date=17 January 2014}}</ref> which Robinson says made Chaplin{{snd}}at 26 years old{{snd}}one of the highest paid people in the world.{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=160}} The high salary shocked the public and was widely reported in the press.{{sfn\|Larcher\|p=29}} John R. Freuler, the studio president, explained: "We can afford to pay Mr. Chaplin this large sum annually because the public wants Chaplin and will pay for him."{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=159}}
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	====''The Great Dictator''====		====''The Great Dictator''====
	[[File:The Great Dictator still cropped.jpg\|thumb\|~~left~~\|upright=.8\|Chaplin satirised [[Adolf Hitler]] in ''[[The Great Dictator]]'' (1940).]]		[[File:The Great Dictator still cropped.jpg\|thumb\|right\|upright=.8\|Chaplin satirised [[Adolf Hitler]] in ''[[The Great Dictator]]'' (1940).]]

	The 1940s saw Chaplin face a series of controversies, both in his work and in his personal life, which changed his fortunes and severely affected his popularity in the United States. The first of these was his growing boldness in expressing his political beliefs. Deeply disturbed by the [[Para-fascism\|surge of militaristic nationalism]] in 1930s world politics,{{sfnm\|1a1=Robinson\|1p=485\|2a1=Maland\|2y=1989\|2p=159}} Chaplin found that he could not keep these issues out of his work.{{sfn\|Chaplin\|p=386}} Parallels between himself and [[Adolf Hitler]] had been widely noted: the pair were born four days apart, both had risen from poverty to world prominence, and Hitler wore [[toothbrush moustache\|the same moustache style]] as Chaplin. It was this physical resemblance that supplied the plot for Chaplin's next film, ''[[The Great Dictator]]'', which directly satirised Hitler and attacked fascism.{{sfnm\|1a1=Schickel\|1p=28\|2a1=Maland\|2y=1989\|2pp=165, 170\|3a1=Louvish\|3p=271\|4a1=Robinson\|4p=490\|5a1=Larcher\|5p=67\|6a1=Kemp\|6p=158}}		The 1940s saw Chaplin face a series of controversies, both in his work and in his personal life, which changed his fortunes and severely affected his popularity in the United States. The first of these was his growing boldness in expressing his political beliefs. Deeply disturbed by the [[Para-fascism\|surge of militaristic nationalism]] in 1930s world politics,{{sfnm\|1a1=Robinson\|1p=485\|2a1=Maland\|2y=1989\|2p=159}} Chaplin found that he could not keep these issues out of his work.{{sfn\|Chaplin\|p=386}} Parallels between himself and [[Adolf Hitler]] had been widely noted: the pair were born four days apart, both had risen from poverty to world prominence, and Hitler wore [[toothbrush moustache\|the same moustache style]] as Chaplin. It was this physical resemblance that supplied the plot for Chaplin's next film, ''[[The Great Dictator]]'', which directly satirised Hitler and attacked fascism.{{sfnm\|1a1=Schickel\|1p=28\|2a1=Maland\|2y=1989\|2pp=165, 170\|3a1=Louvish\|3p=271\|4a1=Robinson\|4p=490\|5a1=Larcher\|5p=67\|6a1=Kemp\|6p=158}}
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	====''Monsieur Verdoux'' and communist accusations====		====''Monsieur Verdoux'' and communist accusations====
	[[File:Monsieur Verdoux poster.jpg\|thumb\|~~left~~\|upright\|''[[Monsieur Verdoux]]'' (1947), a dark comedy about a serial killer, marked a significant departure for Chaplin.]]		[[File:Monsieur Verdoux poster.jpg\|thumb\|right\|upright\|''[[Monsieur Verdoux]]'' (1947), a dark comedy about a serial killer, marked a significant departure for Chaplin.]]

	Chaplin claimed that the Barry trials had "crippled [his] creativeness", and it was some time before he began working again.{{sfn\|Chaplin\|p=426}} In April 1946, he finally began filming a project that had been in development since 1942.{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=520}} ''[[Monsieur Verdoux]]'' was a [[black comedy]], the story of a French bank clerk, Verdoux (Chaplin), who loses his job and begins marrying and murdering wealthy widows to support his family. Chaplin's inspiration for the project came from [[Orson Welles]], who wanted him to star in a film about the French [[serial killer]] [[Henri Désiré Landru]]. Chaplin decided that the concept would "make a wonderful comedy",{{sfn\|Chaplin\|p=412}} and paid Welles $5,000{{efn\|{{Inflation\|US\|5000\|1942\|fmt=eq\|r=-3}}}} for the idea.{{sfn\|Robinson\|pp=519–520}}		Chaplin claimed that the Barry trials had "crippled [his] creativeness", and it was some time before he began working again.{{sfn\|Chaplin\|p=426}} In April 1946, he finally began filming a project that had been in development since 1942.{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=520}} ''[[Monsieur Verdoux]]'' was a [[black comedy]], the story of a French bank clerk, Verdoux (Chaplin), who loses his job and begins marrying and murdering wealthy widows to support his family. Chaplin's inspiration for the project came from [[Orson Welles]], who wanted him to star in a film about the French [[serial killer]] [[Henri Désiré Landru]]. Chaplin decided that the concept would "make a wonderful comedy",{{sfn\|Chaplin\|p=412}} and paid Welles $5,000{{efn\|{{Inflation\|US\|5000\|1942\|fmt=eq\|r=-3}}}} for the idea.{{sfn\|Robinson\|pp=519–520}}
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	Chaplin had a series of minor strokes in the late 1960s, which marked the beginning of a slow decline in his health.{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=619}} Despite the setbacks, he was soon writing a new film script, ''[[The Freak]]'', a story of a winged girl found in South America, which he intended as a starring vehicle for his daughter, Victoria.{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=619}} His fragile health prevented the project from being realised.{{sfn\|Epstein\|p=203}} In the early 1970s, Chaplin concentrated on re-releasing his old films, including ''The Kid'' and ''The Circus''.{{sfn\|Robinson\|pp=620–621}} In 1971, he was made a [[Legion of Honour\|Commander of the National Order of the Legion of Honour]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]].{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=621}} The following year, he was honoured with a special award by the [[Venice Film Festival]].{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=625}}		Chaplin had a series of minor strokes in the late 1960s, which marked the beginning of a slow decline in his health.{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=619}} Despite the setbacks, he was soon writing a new film script, ''[[The Freak]]'', a story of a winged girl found in South America, which he intended as a starring vehicle for his daughter, Victoria.{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=619}} His fragile health prevented the project from being realised.{{sfn\|Epstein\|p=203}} In the early 1970s, Chaplin concentrated on re-releasing his old films, including ''The Kid'' and ''The Circus''.{{sfn\|Robinson\|pp=620–621}} In 1971, he was made a [[Legion of Honour\|Commander of the National Order of the Legion of Honour]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]].{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=621}} The following year, he was honoured with a special award by the [[Venice Film Festival]].{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=625}}
	[[File:Chaplin oscar.JPG\|thumb\|~~left~~\|Chaplin (right) receiving his [[Honorary Academy Award]] from [[Jack Lemmon]] in 1972. It was the first time he had been to the United States in twenty years.]]		[[File:Chaplin oscar.JPG\|thumb\|right\|Chaplin (right) receiving his [[Honorary Academy Award]] from [[Jack Lemmon]] in 1972. It was the first time he had been to the United States in twenty years.]]

	In 1972, the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] offered Chaplin an Honorary Award, which Robinson sees as a sign that America "wanted to make amends". Chaplin was initially hesitant about accepting but decided to return to the US for the first time in 20 years.{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=621}} The visit attracted a large amount of press coverage and, at the Academy Awards gala, he was given a 12-minute standing ovation, the longest in the academy's history.{{sfn\|Maland\|1989\|p=347}} Visibly emotional, Chaplin accepted his award for "the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century".{{sfn\|Robinson\|pp=623–625}}		In 1972, the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] offered Chaplin an Honorary Award, which Robinson sees as a sign that America "wanted to make amends". Chaplin was initially hesitant about accepting but decided to return to the US for the first time in 20 years.{{sfn\|Robinson\|p=621}} The visit attracted a large amount of press coverage and, at the Academy Awards gala, he was given a 12-minute standing ovation, the longest in the academy's history.{{sfn\|Maland\|1989\|p=347}} Visibly emotional, Chaplin accepted his award for "the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century".{{sfn\|Robinson\|pp=623–625}}
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	==Legacy==		==Legacy==

	[[File:The Tramp Essanay.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|~~left~~\|Chaplin as [[the Tramp]], cinema's "most universal icon", in 1915{{sfn\|Sarris\|p=139}}]]		[[File:The Tramp Essanay.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|right\|Chaplin as [[the Tramp]], cinema's "most universal icon", in 1915{{sfn\|Sarris\|p=139}}]]

	In 1998, the film critic [[Andrew Sarris]] called Chaplin "arguably the single most important artist produced by the cinema, certainly its most extraordinary performer and probably still its most universal icon".{{sfn\|Sarris\|p=139}} He is described by the British Film Institute as "a towering figure in world culture",<ref name="BFIChaplinproject">{{cite web\|url=http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/ \|title=Charlie Chaplin \|publisher=British Film Institute \|access-date=7 October 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622161153/http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/ \|archive-date=22 June 2012}}</ref> and was included in ''[[Time (magazine)\|Time]]'' magazine's list of the "[[Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century\|100 Most Important People of the 20th Century]]" for the "laughter [he brought] to millions" and because he "more or less invented global recognizability and helped turn an industry into an art".<ref name="time 100">{{cite magazine\|title=Time 100: Charlie Chaplin\|url= http://www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/chaplin.html\|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110523194732/http://www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/chaplin.html\|archive-date=23 May 2011\|magazine=[[Time (magazine)\|Time]] \|first=Joshua\|last=Quittner\|date=8 June 1998\|url-status=dead\|access-date=11 November 2013}}</ref> In 1999, the [[American Film Institute]] ranked Chaplin as the 10th greatest [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars\|male star]] of [[Classical Hollywood cinema\|Classic Hollywood Cinema]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.afi.com/100years/stars.aspx \|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbs}}... 100 Stars \|publisher=American Film Institute \|date=16 June 1999 \|access-date=20 February 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113043532/http://www.afi.com/100years/stars.aspx \|archive-date=13 January 2013}}</ref>		In 1998, the film critic [[Andrew Sarris]] called Chaplin "arguably the single most important artist produced by the cinema, certainly its most extraordinary performer and probably still its most universal icon".{{sfn\|Sarris\|p=139}} He is described by the British Film Institute as "a towering figure in world culture",<ref name="BFIChaplinproject">{{cite web\|url=http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/ \|title=Charlie Chaplin \|publisher=British Film Institute \|access-date=7 October 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622161153/http://chaplin.bfi.org.uk/ \|archive-date=22 June 2012}}</ref> and was included in ''[[Time (magazine)\|Time]]'' magazine's list of the "[[Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century\|100 Most Important People of the 20th Century]]" for the "laughter [he brought] to millions" and because he "more or less invented global recognizability and helped turn an industry into an art".<ref name="time 100">{{cite magazine\|title=Time 100: Charlie Chaplin\|url= http://www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/chaplin.html\|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110523194732/http://www.time.com/time/time100/artists/profile/chaplin.html\|archive-date=23 May 2011\|magazine=[[Time (magazine)\|Time]] \|first=Joshua\|last=Quittner\|date=8 June 1998\|url-status=dead\|access-date=11 November 2013}}</ref> In 1999, the [[American Film Institute]] ranked Chaplin as the 10th greatest [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars\|male star]] of [[Classical Hollywood cinema\|Classic Hollywood Cinema]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.afi.com/100years/stars.aspx \|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbs}}... 100 Stars \|publisher=American Film Institute \|date=16 June 1999 \|access-date=20 February 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113043532/http://www.afi.com/100years/stars.aspx \|archive-date=13 January 2013}}</ref>

Kurt: /* External links */

2023-01-23T13:58:13Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:58, 23 January 2023
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	==External links==		==External links==
	~~{{sisterlinks\|d=Q882\|c=Category:Charlie Chaplin\|n=no\|b=no\|v=no\|voy=no\|m=no\|mw=no\|wikt=no\|s=Author:Charles Spencer Chaplin\|species=no}}~~
	* {{official website\|http://www.charliechaplin.com}} by Association Chaplin		* {{official website\|http://www.charliechaplin.com}} by Association Chaplin
	* {{IMDb name}}		* {{IMDb name}}
	* {{TCMDb name}}		* {{TCMDb name}}
	* {{Gutenberg author}}
	* {{Librivox author}}		* {{Librivox author}}
	* {{PM20}}		* {{PM20}}
	* {{Internet Archive author \|sname=Charlie Chaplin}}
	* [http://www.charliechaplinarchive.org/ The Charlie Chaplin Archive] Online catalogue of Chaplin's professional and personal archives at the [[Cineteca di Bologna]], Italy		* [http://www.charliechaplinarchive.org/ The Charlie Chaplin Archive] Online catalogue of Chaplin's professional and personal archives at the [[Cineteca di Bologna]], Italy
	* [http://www.chaplinsworld.com/ Chaplin's World Museum] at the Manoir de Ban, Switzerland		* [http://www.chaplinsworld.com/ Chaplin's World Museum] at the Manoir de Ban, Switzerland
	* [http://vault.fbi.gov/charlie-chaplin/ Chaplin's file] at the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] website		* [http://vault.fbi.gov/charlie-chaplin/ Chaplin's file] at the [[w:Federal Bureau of Investigation\|Federal Bureau of Investigation]] website

	{{Charlie Chaplin}}		{{Charlie Chaplin}}
	~~{{Navboxes~~
	~~\| title = Awards for Charlie Chaplin~~
	~~\| list =~~
	~~{{Academy Award Best Original Score}}~~
	~~{{Academy Honorary Award}}~~
	~~{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}~~
	~~{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}~~
	~~{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor}}~~
	}}
	~~{{Charlie Chaplin filmography}}~~
	~~{{Chaplin family}}~~
	~~{{Portal bar\|Film\|Television\|Comedy\|England}}~~
	~~{{Authority control}}~~

	~~{{Featured article}}~~

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaplin, Charlie}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaplin, Charlie}}

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