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{{Short description|Act of making a noise like flatulence}}
{{Short description|Act of making a noise like flatulence}}
{{Redirect|Bronx cheer|the Law & Order episode|Bronx Cheer (Law & Order)}}
 
[[File:Blowing a raspberry.ogv|thumb|250px|A man blowing a raspberry]]
[[File:Blowing a raspberry.ogv|thumb|250px|A man blowing a raspberry]]
'''Blowing a raspberry''', '''strawberry''', or making a '''[[Bronx]] cheer''', is to make a noise similar to [[flatulence]] that may signify derision, real or feigned. It may also be used in childhood [[phoneme|phonemic]] play, either solely by the child, or by adults towards a child to encourage imitation to the delight of both parties. It is made by placing the [[tongue]] between the lips, or alternately placing the lips against any area of skin, and blowing. When performed against the skin of another person, it is often a form of [[tickling game|tickling]]. In the terminology of [[phonetics]], the former sound has been described as a [[voiceless]] [[Linguolabial consonant|linguolabial]] [[trill consonant|trill]], {{IPA|[r̼̊]}},<ref>Pike called it a "voiceless exolabio-lingual trill", with the [[tongue]] vibrating against a protruding lower lip. {{cite book|last=Pike|first=Kenneth L.|author-link=Kenneth Pike|year=1943|title= Phonetics: A Critical Analysis of Phonetic Theory and a Technique for the Practical Description of Sounds|location=Ann Arbor|publisher=University of Michigan Press}}</ref> and as a [[buccal speech|buccal]] interdental trill, {{IPA|[ↀ͡r̪͆]}} in the extIPA ([[Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet]]).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ball |first1=Martin J. |author-link1=Martin J. Ball |last2=Howard |first2=Sara J. |last3=Miller |first3=Kirk |year=2018 |title=Revisions to the extIPA chart |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=155–164 |doi=10.1017/S0025100317000147 |s2cid=151863976 }}</ref>
'''Blowing a raspberry''', '''strawberry''', or making a '''[[w:Bronx|Bronx]] cheer''', is to make a noise similar to [[w:flatulence|flatulence]] that may signify derision, real or feigned. It may also be used in childhood [[w:phoneme|phonemic]] play, either solely by the child, or by adults towards a child to encourage imitation to the delight of both parties. It is made by placing the [[w:tongue|tongue]] between the lips, or alternately placing the lips against any area of skin, and blowing. When performed against the skin of another person, it is often a form of [[w:tickling game|tickling]]. In the terminology of [[w:phonetics|phonetics]], the former sound has been described as a [[w:voiceless|voiceless]] [[w:Linguolabial consonant|linguolabial]] [[w:trill consonant|trill]], {{IPA|[r̼̊]}},<ref>Pike called it a "voiceless exolabio-lingual trill", with the [[w:tongue|]] vibrating against a protruding lower lip. {{cite book|last=Pike|first=Kenneth L.|author-link=Kenneth Pike|year=1943|title= Phonetics: A Critical Analysis of Phonetic Theory and a Technique for the Practical Description of Sounds|location=Ann Arbor|publisher=University of Michigan Press}}</ref> and as a [[w:buccal speech|buccal]] interdental trill, {{IPA|[ↀ͡r̪͆]}} in the extIPA ([[w:Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet|Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet]]).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ball |first1=Martin J. |author-link1=Martin J. Ball |last2=Howard |first2=Sara J. |last3=Miller |first3=Kirk |year=2018 |title=Revisions to the extIPA chart |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=155–164 |doi=10.1017/S0025100317000147 |s2cid=151863976 }}</ref>


A raspberry (when used with the tongue) is never used in human language phonemically (that is, as a building block of words). However, the [[bilabial trill]] (essentially blowing a raspberry with one's lips) is a phoneme in some languages. Blowing a raspberry is widely used across human cultures.{{cn|date=January 2020}}
A raspberry (when used with the tongue) is never used in human language phonemically (that is, as a building block of words). However, the [[w:bilabial trill|bilabial trill]] (essentially blowing a raspberry with one's lips) is a phoneme in some languages. Blowing a raspberry is widely used across human cultures.{{cn|date=January 2020}}


[[Spike Jones]] and His City Slickers used a "birdaphone" to create this sound on their recording of "[[Der Fuehrer's Face]]", repeatedly lambasting [[Adolf Hitler]] with: "We'll Heil! (Bronx cheer) Heil! (Bronx cheer) Right in Der Fuehrer's Face!"<ref>{{ cite web |first=David |last=Hinkley |title=Scorn and disdain: Spike Jones giffs Hitler der old birdaphone, 1942 |work=[[New York Daily News]] |date=March 3, 2004 |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/03/03/2004-03-03_scorn_and_disdain_spike_jone.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408091714/https://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/03/03/2004-03-03_scorn_and_disdain_spike_jone.html |archive-date=April 8, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1633240/m1/|title=Pop Chronicles 1940s Program #5|first=John|last=Gilliland|date=April 14, 1972|website=UNT Digital Library}}</ref>
[[w:Spike Jones|Spike Jones]] and His City Slickers used a "birdaphone" to create this sound on their recording of "[[w:Der Fuehrer's Face|Der Fuehrer's Face]]", repeatedly lambasting [[w:Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]] with: "We'll Heil! (Bronx cheer) Heil! (Bronx cheer) Right in Der Fuehrer's Face!"<ref>{{ cite web |first=David |last=Hinkley |title=Scorn and disdain: Spike Jones giffs Hitler der old birdaphone, 1942 |work=[[w:New York Daily News|]] |date=March 3, 2004 |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/03/03/2004-03-03_scorn_and_disdain_spike_jone.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408091714/https://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/03/03/2004-03-03_scorn_and_disdain_spike_jone.html |archive-date=April 8, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1633240/m1/|title=Pop Chronicles 1940s Program #5|first=John|last=Gilliland|date=April 14, 1972|website=UNT Digital Library}}</ref>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The nomenclature varies by country. In most anglophone countries, it is known as a '''raspberry''', which is attested from at least 1890,<ref>{{OED|raspberry}}</ref> and which in the United States came to be abbreviated as '''razz''' by 1919.<ref>{{OED|razz}}</ref> In the United States it has also been called a '''Bronx cheer''' since at least the early 1920s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/457777070|title=All Chicago backs up its footballers|last=Runyon|first=Damon|date=19 Oct 1921|work=San Francisco Examiner|access-date=18 Jun 2019|agency=Universal Syndicate|page=19|quote=....the East will grin and give Western football the jolly old Bronx cheer.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/39276030|title=Wills looks like boob in Johnson bout|last=Farrell|first=Henry L.|date=30 Nov 1922|work=San Antonio Evening News|access-date=18 Jun 2019|agency=United Press|page=8|quote=While the crowd was giving vent to the 'Bronx cheer' and hurling garlands of raspberries from the gallery....}}</ref>
The nomenclature varies by country. In most anglophone countries, it is known as a '''raspberry''', which is attested from at least 1890,<ref>{{OED|raspberry}}</ref> and which in the United States came to be abbreviated as '''razz''' by 1919.<ref>{{OED|razz}}</ref> In the United States it has also been called a '''Bronx cheer''' since at least the early 1920s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/457777070|title=All Chicago backs up its footballers|last=Runyon|first=Damon|date=19 Oct 1921|work=San Francisco Examiner|access-date=18 Jun 2019|agency=Universal Syndicate|page=19|quote=....the East will grin and give Western football the jolly old Bronx cheer.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/39276030|title=Wills looks like boob in Johnson bout|last=Farrell|first=Henry L.|date=30 Nov 1922|work=San Antonio Evening News|access-date=18 Jun 2019|agency=United Press|page=8|quote=While the crowd was giving vent to the 'Bronx cheer' and hurling garlands of raspberries from the gallery....}}</ref>


Blowing a "raspberry" derives from the [[Cockney rhyming slang]] "raspberry tart" for "fart".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/298362.html |title=Raspberry tart |publisher=Phrases.org.uk |access-date=2010-07-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Bryson | first=Bill |author-link=Bill Bryson| title=The Mother Tongue: English & How It Got That Way | url=https://archive.org/details/mothertongueengl00brys | url-access=registration | publisher=[[Avon Books]] | year=1990 | edition=Trade printing, September 1991 | isbn=0-380-71543-0 | page=[https://archive.org/details/mothertongueengl00brys/page/238 238]}}</ref>  
Blowing a "raspberry" derives from the [[w:Cockney rhyming slang|Cockney rhyming slang]] "raspberry tart" for "fart".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/298362.html |title=Raspberry tart |publisher=Phrases.org.uk |access-date=2010-07-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Bryson | first=Bill |author-link=Bill Bryson| title=The Mother Tongue: English & How It Got That Way | url=https://archive.org/details/mothertongueengl00brys | url-access=registration | publisher=[[w:Avon Books|]] | year=1990 | edition=Trade printing, September 1991 | isbn=0-380-71543-0 | page=[https://archive.org/details/mothertongueengl00brys/page/238 238]}}</ref>  


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Bilabial trill]]
* [[w:Bilabial trill|Bilabial trill]]
* [[Joe Btfsplk]]
* [[w:Joe Btfsplk|Joe Btfsplk]]
* [[Golden Raspberry Awards]], which are named after the term  
* [[w:Golden Raspberry Awards|Golden Raspberry Awards]], which are named after the term  
* [[Linguistic universal]]
* [[w:Linguistic universal|Linguistic universal]]
* ''[[The Phantom Raspberry Blower of Old London Town]]''
* ''[[The Phantom Raspberry Blower of Old London Town]]''
* [[Flatulence humor]]
* [[w:Flatulence humor|Flatulence humor]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 15:43, 20 August 2022

A man blowing a raspberry

Blowing a raspberry, strawberry, or making a Bronx cheer, is to make a noise similar to flatulence that may signify derision, real or feigned. It may also be used in childhood phonemic play, either solely by the child, or by adults towards a child to encourage imitation to the delight of both parties. It is made by placing the tongue between the lips, or alternately placing the lips against any area of skin, and blowing. When performed against the skin of another person, it is often a form of tickling. In the terminology of phonetics, the former sound has been described as a voiceless linguolabial trill, [r̼̊],[1] and as a buccal interdental trill, [ↀ͡r̪͆] in the extIPA (Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet).[2]

A raspberry (when used with the tongue) is never used in human language phonemically (that is, as a building block of words). However, the bilabial trill (essentially blowing a raspberry with one's lips) is a phoneme in some languages. Blowing a raspberry is widely used across human cultures.[citation needed]

Spike Jones and His City Slickers used a "birdaphone" to create this sound on their recording of "Der Fuehrer's Face", repeatedly lambasting Adolf Hitler with: "We'll Heil! (Bronx cheer) Heil! (Bronx cheer) Right in Der Fuehrer's Face!"[3][4]

Etymology

The nomenclature varies by country. In most anglophone countries, it is known as a raspberry, which is attested from at least 1890,[5] and which in the United States came to be abbreviated as razz by 1919.[6] In the United States it has also been called a Bronx cheer since at least the early 1920s.[7][8]

Blowing a "raspberry" derives from the Cockney rhyming slang "raspberry tart" for "fart".[9][10]

See also

References

  1. ^ Pike called it a "voiceless exolabio-lingual trill", with the [[w:tongue|]] vibrating against a protruding lower lip. Pike, Kenneth L. (1943). Phonetics: A Critical Analysis of Phonetic Theory and a Technique for the Practical Description of Sounds. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  2. ^ Ball, Martin J.; Howard, Sara J.; Miller, Kirk (2018). "Revisions to the extIPA chart". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 48 (2): 155–164. doi:10.1017/S0025100317000147. S2CID 151863976.
  3. ^ Hinkley, David (March 3, 2004). "Scorn and disdain: Spike Jones giffs Hitler der old birdaphone, 1942". [[w:New York Daily News|]]. Archived from the original on April 8, 2009.
  4. ^ Gilliland, John (April 14, 1972). "Pop Chronicles 1940s Program #5". UNT Digital Library.
  5. ^ "raspberry". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  6. ^ "razz". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  7. ^ Runyon, Damon (19 Oct 1921). "All Chicago backs up its footballers". San Francisco Examiner. Universal Syndicate. p. 19. Retrieved 18 Jun 2019. ....the East will grin and give Western football the jolly old Bronx cheer.
  8. ^ Farrell, Henry L. (30 Nov 1922). "Wills looks like boob in Johnson bout". San Antonio Evening News. United Press. p. 8. Retrieved 18 Jun 2019. While the crowd was giving vent to the 'Bronx cheer' and hurling garlands of raspberries from the gallery....
  9. ^ "Raspberry tart". Phrases.org.uk. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
  10. ^ Bryson, Bill (1990). The Mother Tongue: English & How It Got That Way (Trade printing, September 1991 ed.). [[w:Avon Books|]]. p. 238. ISBN 0-380-71543-0.

{{#related:Rhyming slang}}

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